#!/usr/bin/env node

import { mkdir, readdir, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
import path from "node:path";
import shapefile from "shapefile";

const DEFAULT_TOLERANCE = 0.3;
const DEFAULT_PADDING = 6;
const MAX_MERCATOR_LAT = 85.05112878;
const SHAPEFILE_BASENAME = "ne_10m_admin_0_countries";
const GAME_COUNTRIES = [
	"Switzerland",
	"Norway",
	"Italy",
	"Japan",
	"Brazil",
	"Australia",
	"France",
	"India",
	"Canada",
	"Germany",
];
const COUNTRY_OPTIONS = {
	France: { keepLargestRingOnly: true },
	Norway: { keepLargestRingOnly: true },
};

function usage() {
	return `Usage:
  node convert-geojson-outlines.js <input-dir> <output-dir> [options]

Options:
  --tolerance <number>  Douglas-Peucker tolerance in 0..100 units. Default: 0.3
  --padding <number>    Padding on each side in 0..100 units. Default: 6
  --max-points <number> Simplify each ring until it has at most this many points.
  --min-ring-area-ratio <number>
                         Drop rings smaller than this ratio of the largest ring. Default: 0.001
  --mainland-only        Keep only the largest ring for every country.
  --include-holes       Include inner rings from Polygon/MultiPolygon geometries.
  --pretty              Write indented JSON instead of compact JSON.
`;
}

function parseArgs(argv) {
	const positionals = [];
	const options = {
		tolerance: DEFAULT_TOLERANCE,
		padding: DEFAULT_PADDING,
		maxPoints: null,
		minRingAreaRatio: 0.001,
		mainlandOnly: false,
		includeHoles: false,
		pretty: false,
	};

	for (let i = 0; i < argv.length; i++) {
		const arg = argv[i];

		if (arg === "--tolerance") {
			options.tolerance = Number(argv[++i]);
		} else if (arg === "--padding") {
			options.padding = Number(argv[++i]);
		} else if (arg === "--max-points") {
			options.maxPoints = Number(argv[++i]);
		} else if (arg === "--min-ring-area-ratio") {
			options.minRingAreaRatio = Number(argv[++i]);
		} else if (arg === "--mainland-only") {
			options.mainlandOnly = true;
		} else if (arg === "--include-holes") {
			options.includeHoles = true;
		} else if (arg === "--pretty") {
			options.pretty = true;
		} else if (arg === "--help" || arg === "-h") {
			console.log(usage());
			process.exit(0);
		} else {
			positionals.push(arg);
		}
	}

	if (positionals.length !== 2) {
		throw new Error("Expected exactly <input-dir> and <output-dir>.");
	}
	if (!Number.isFinite(options.tolerance) || options.tolerance < 0) {
		throw new Error("--tolerance must be a number greater than or equal to 0.");
	}
	if (
		!Number.isFinite(options.padding) ||
		options.padding < 0 ||
		options.padding >= 50
	) {
		throw new Error("--padding must be a number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 50.");
	}
	if (
		options.maxPoints !== null &&
		(!Number.isInteger(options.maxPoints) || options.maxPoints < 4)
	) {
		throw new Error(
			"--max-points must be an integer greater than or equal to 4.",
		);
	}
	if (
		!Number.isFinite(options.minRingAreaRatio) ||
		options.minRingAreaRatio < 0 ||
		options.minRingAreaRatio > 1
	) {
		throw new Error("--min-ring-area-ratio must be a number between 0 and 1.");
	}

	return {
		inputDir: positionals[0],
		outputDir: positionals[1],
		options,
	};
}

function stripNulls(value) {
	return typeof value === "string" ? value.replaceAll("\0", "").trim() : value;
}

function cleanProperties(properties) {
	return Object.fromEntries(
		Object.entries(properties || {}).map(([key, value]) => [
			key,
			stripNulls(value),
		]),
	);
}

function getCountryName(properties) {
	return (
		properties.NAME_EN ||
		properties.NAME_LONG ||
		properties.NAME ||
		properties.ADMIN ||
		properties.SOVEREIGNT ||
		""
	);
}

function slugify(value) {
	return value
		.toLowerCase()
		.replaceAll(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, "-")
		.replaceAll(/(^-|-$)/g, "");
}

function extractRings(geometry, includeHoles) {
	if (geometry.type === "Polygon") {
		return includeHoles
			? geometry.coordinates
			: [geometry.coordinates?.[0]].filter(Boolean);
	}

	if (geometry.type === "MultiPolygon") {
		return geometry.coordinates.flatMap((polygon) =>
			includeHoles ? polygon : [polygon?.[0]].filter(Boolean),
		);
	}

	return [];
}

function isValidCoordinate(coord) {
	return (
		Array.isArray(coord) &&
		coord.length >= 2 &&
		Number.isFinite(coord[0]) &&
		Number.isFinite(coord[1])
	);
}

function cleanRing(ring) {
	if (!Array.isArray(ring)) return [];
	return ring.filter(isValidCoordinate).map(([lon, lat]) => [lon, lat]);
}

function mercatorProject([lon, lat]) {
	const clampedLat = Math.max(
		-MAX_MERCATOR_LAT,
		Math.min(MAX_MERCATOR_LAT, lat),
	);
	const lonRad = (lon * Math.PI) / 180;
	const latRad = (clampedLat * Math.PI) / 180;

	return [
		lonRad,
		Math.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4 + latRad / 2)),
	];
}

function ringArea(ring) {
	if (!Array.isArray(ring) || ring.length < 4) return 0;
	let area = 0;
	for (let i = 0; i < ring.length; i++) {
		const [x1, y1] = ring[i];
		const [x2, y2] = ring[(i + 1) % ring.length];
		area += x1 * y2 - x2 * y1;
	}
	return Math.abs(area / 2);
}

function filterGameplayRings(rings, options) {
	const ranked = rings
		.map((ring) => ({ ring, area: ringArea(ring) }))
		.filter(({ area }) => area > 0)
		.sort((a, b) => b.area - a.area);

	if (!ranked.length) return rings;
	if (options.mainlandOnly || options.keepLargestRingOnly) {
		return [ranked[0].ring];
	}

	const minArea = ranked[0].area * options.minRingAreaRatio;
	return ranked.filter(({ area }) => area >= minArea).map(({ ring }) => ring);
}

function getGeoBounds(rings) {
	let minLon = Infinity;
	let maxLon = -Infinity;
	let minLat = Infinity;
	let maxLat = -Infinity;

	for (const ring of rings) {
		for (const [lon, lat] of ring) {
			minLon = Math.min(minLon, lon);
			maxLon = Math.max(maxLon, lon);
			minLat = Math.min(minLat, lat);
			maxLat = Math.max(maxLat, lat);
		}
	}

	if (![minLon, maxLon, minLat, maxLat].every(Number.isFinite)) {
		throw new Error("Could not calculate bounds from geometry.");
	}

	return { minLon, maxLon, minLat, maxLat };
}

function getProjectedBounds(rings) {
	let minX = Infinity;
	let maxX = -Infinity;
	let minY = Infinity;
	let maxY = -Infinity;

	for (const ring of rings) {
		for (const [x, y] of ring) {
			minX = Math.min(minX, x);
			maxX = Math.max(maxX, x);
			minY = Math.min(minY, y);
			maxY = Math.max(maxY, y);
		}
	}

	if (![minX, maxX, minY, maxY].every(Number.isFinite)) {
		throw new Error("Could not calculate projected bounds from geometry.");
	}

	return { minX, maxX, minY, maxY };
}

function roundCoord(value) {
	return Math.round(value * 100) / 100;
}

function roundMeta(value) {
	return Math.round(value * 1_000_000) / 1_000_000;
}

function createProjection(bounds, padding) {
	const xSpan = bounds.maxX - bounds.minX;
	const ySpan = bounds.maxY - bounds.minY;
	const usableSize = 100 - padding * 2;
	const maxSpan = Math.max(xSpan, ySpan);
	const scale = maxSpan === 0 ? 0 : usableSize / maxSpan;
	const width = xSpan * scale;
	const height = ySpan * scale;

	return {
		padding,
		scale,
		xOffset: (100 - width) / 2,
		yOffset: (100 - height) / 2,
	};
}

function normalizePoint([x, y], bounds, projection) {
	return {
		x: roundCoord(
			projection.scale === 0
				? 50
				: projection.xOffset + (x - bounds.minX) * projection.scale,
		),
		y: roundCoord(
			projection.scale === 0
				? 50
				: projection.yOffset + (bounds.maxY - y) * projection.scale,
		),
	};
}

function samePoint(a, b) {
	return a.x === b.x && a.y === b.y;
}

function closeRing(points) {
	if (points.length < 2) return points;
	const first = points[0];
	const last = points[points.length - 1];
	return samePoint(first, last) ? points : [...points, { ...first }];
}

function openRing(points) {
	if (points.length < 2) return points;
	const first = points[0];
	const last = points[points.length - 1];
	return samePoint(first, last) ? points.slice(0, -1) : points;
}

function squaredDistanceToSegment(point, start, end) {
	const dx = end.x - start.x;
	const dy = end.y - start.y;

	if (dx === 0 && dy === 0) {
		return (point.x - start.x) ** 2 + (point.y - start.y) ** 2;
	}

	const t = Math.max(
		0,
		Math.min(
			1,
			((point.x - start.x) * dx + (point.y - start.y) * dy) /
				(dx * dx + dy * dy),
		),
	);
	const projection = {
		x: start.x + t * dx,
		y: start.y + t * dy,
	};

	return (point.x - projection.x) ** 2 + (point.y - projection.y) ** 2;
}

function douglasPeucker(points, tolerance) {
	if (points.length <= 2 || tolerance === 0) return points;

	let maxDistance = 0;
	let splitIndex = 0;
	const lastIndex = points.length - 1;

	for (let i = 1; i < lastIndex; i++) {
		const distance = squaredDistanceToSegment(
			points[i],
			points[0],
			points[lastIndex],
		);
		if (distance > maxDistance) {
			maxDistance = distance;
			splitIndex = i;
		}
	}

	if (maxDistance <= tolerance * tolerance) {
		return [points[0], points[lastIndex]];
	}

	const left = douglasPeucker(points.slice(0, splitIndex + 1), tolerance);
	const right = douglasPeucker(points.slice(splitIndex), tolerance);
	return [...left.slice(0, -1), ...right];
}

function simplifyRing(points, initialTolerance, maxPoints) {
	let tolerance = initialTolerance;
	let simplified = closeRing(douglasPeucker(openRing(points), tolerance));
	let attempts = 0;

	while (maxPoints && simplified.length > maxPoints && attempts < 30) {
		tolerance = tolerance === 0 ? 0.5 : tolerance * 1.25;
		simplified = closeRing(douglasPeucker(openRing(points), tolerance));
		attempts++;
	}

	return simplified;
}

function normalizeGeometry(geometry, options) {
	if (!geometry || !["Polygon", "MultiPolygon"].includes(geometry.type)) {
		throw new Error("No Polygon or MultiPolygon geometry found.");
	}

	const geoRings = filterGameplayRings(
		extractRings(geometry, options.includeHoles)
			.map(cleanRing)
			.filter((ring) => ring.length >= 4),
		options,
	);

	if (!geoRings.length) {
		throw new Error("No valid polygon rings found.");
	}

	const projectedRings = geoRings.map((ring) => ring.map(mercatorProject));
	const geoBounds = getGeoBounds(geoRings);
	const projectedBounds = getProjectedBounds(projectedRings);
	const projection = createProjection(projectedBounds, options.padding);
	const normalizedRings = projectedRings
		.map((ring) =>
			ring.map((point) => normalizePoint(point, projectedBounds, projection)),
		)
		.map(closeRing)
		.map((ring) => simplifyRing(ring, options.tolerance, options.maxPoints))
		.filter((ring) => ring.length >= 4);

	if (!normalizedRings.length) {
		throw new Error("No valid rings remained after simplification.");
	}

	return {
		type: geoRings.length > 1 ? "MultiPolygon" : "Polygon",
		geoBounds,
		projectedBounds: {
			minX: roundMeta(projectedBounds.minX),
			maxX: roundMeta(projectedBounds.maxX),
			minY: roundMeta(projectedBounds.minY),
			maxY: roundMeta(projectedBounds.maxY),
		},
		projection: {
			padding: roundMeta(projection.padding),
			scale: roundMeta(projection.scale),
			xOffset: roundMeta(projection.xOffset),
			yOffset: roundMeta(projection.yOffset),
		},
		rings: normalizedRings,
	};
}

async function findShapefile(inputDir) {
	const entries = await readdir(inputDir, { withFileTypes: true });
	const shpFiles = entries
		.filter(
			(entry) =>
				entry.isFile() && path.extname(entry.name).toLowerCase() === ".shp",
		)
		.map((entry) => entry.name)
		.sort((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));

	const preferred = shpFiles.find(
		(fileName) => path.basename(fileName, ".shp") === SHAPEFILE_BASENAME,
	);
	const fileName = preferred || shpFiles[0];

	if (!fileName) {
		throw new Error(`No .shp file found in ${inputDir}.`);
	}

	return path.join(inputDir, fileName);
}

async function readTargetFeatures(shpPath, targets) {
	const source = await shapefile.open(shpPath, undefined, {
		encoding: "utf-8",
	});
	const features = new Map();

	while (true) {
		const result = await source.read();
		if (result.done) break;

		const feature = result.value;
		const properties = cleanProperties(feature.properties);
		const countryName = getCountryName(properties);

		if (targets.has(countryName)) {
			features.set(countryName, {
				geometry: feature.geometry,
				properties,
			});
		}
	}

	return features;
}

async function writeCountryOutline(
	outputDir,
	countryName,
	feature,
	sourceFile,
	options,
) {
	const countryOptions = {
		...options,
		...(COUNTRY_OPTIONS[countryName] || {}),
	};
	const output = {
		source: sourceFile,
		country: {
			name: countryName,
			isoA2: feature.properties.ISO_A2,
			isoA3: feature.properties.ISO_A3,
			continent: feature.properties.CONTINENT,
			subregion: feature.properties.SUBREGION,
		},
		outline: normalizeGeometry(feature.geometry, countryOptions),
	};
	const fileName = `${slugify(countryName)}.json`;
	const json = JSON.stringify(output, null, options.pretty ? 2 : 0);
	await writeFile(path.join(outputDir, fileName), `${json}\n`, "utf8");
	console.log(`Converted ${countryName} -> ${fileName}`);
}

async function main() {
	const { inputDir, outputDir, options } = parseArgs(process.argv.slice(2));
	const shpPath = await findShapefile(inputDir);
	const sourceFile = path.basename(shpPath);
	const targets = new Set(GAME_COUNTRIES);
	const features = await readTargetFeatures(shpPath, targets);
	const missing = GAME_COUNTRIES.filter(
		(countryName) => !features.has(countryName),
	);

	if (missing.length) {
		throw new Error(`Missing country feature(s): ${missing.join(", ")}`);
	}

	await mkdir(outputDir, { recursive: true });

	for (const countryName of GAME_COUNTRIES) {
		await writeCountryOutline(
			outputDir,
			countryName,
			features.get(countryName),
			sourceFile,
			options,
		);
	}

	console.log(`Done. Converted ${GAME_COUNTRIES.length} country outline(s).`);
}

main().catch((error) => {
	console.error(error instanceof Error ? error.message : error);
	console.error(usage());
	process.exit(1);
});