cds-104_Datenbanken/Block-3/Aufgaben/.ipynb_checkpoints/Imputing_Data-checkpoint.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Datenaufbereitung und Variablen Auslese\n",
    "## Imputation\n",
    "Author: Dr. Yves Staudt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "In diesem Notebook bereiten wir die Daten speziell für Clustering-Verfahren vor. Es enthält alle notwendigen Verarbeitungsschritte, die für die Anwendung von Clustering-Methoden erforderlich sind."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Loading Packages"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:39.891629575Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:37.533959981Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "\n",
    "# Feature Engine\n",
    "from feature_engine.imputation import (\n",
    "    AddMissingIndicator,\n",
    "    MeanMedianImputer,\n",
    "    CategoricalImputer\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Scikit-Learn - Visualisation\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
    "from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler\n",
    "\n",
    "# Visualisation\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import plotly.express as px\n",
    "from plotly.subplots import make_subplots\n",
    "import plotly.graph_objects as go"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 1
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Loading Data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:40.742191832Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:39.941609098Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "df = pd.read_csv(\"../data/hotel_bookings/hotel_bookings.csv\")\n",
    "print(f\"Grösse des Datensatzes: {df.shape}\")"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Grösse des Datensatzes: (119390, 32)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 2
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:41.452413525Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:40.855812547Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "df.columns"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['hotel', 'is_canceled', 'lead_time', 'arrival_date_year',\n",
       "       'arrival_date_month', 'arrival_date_week_number',\n",
       "       'arrival_date_day_of_month', 'stays_in_weekend_nights',\n",
       "       'stays_in_week_nights', 'adults', 'children', 'babies', 'meal',\n",
       "       'country', 'market_segment', 'distribution_channel',\n",
       "       'is_repeated_guest', 'previous_cancellations',\n",
       "       'previous_bookings_not_canceled', 'reserved_room_type',\n",
       "       'assigned_room_type', 'booking_changes', 'deposit_type', 'agent',\n",
       "       'company', 'days_in_waiting_list', 'customer_type', 'adr',\n",
       "       'required_car_parking_spaces', 'total_of_special_requests',\n",
       "       'reservation_status', 'reservation_status_date'],\n",
       "      dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 3
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Manuelle Daten löschen \n",
    "Bestimmte Variablen wie das genaue Jahr, spezifische Tage oder Kalenderwochen bieten in einer Analyse nur begrenzten Mehrwert. Daher entfernen wir die Variablen *`arrival_date_year`*, *`arrival_date_week_number`* und *`arrival_date_day_of_month`*."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:41.739863712Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:41.508399840Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "df = df.drop(columns=['arrival_date_year','arrival_date_week_number','arrival_date_day_of_month'])\n",
    "print(f\"Shape of data frame after remove of variables: {df.shape}\")"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Shape of data frame after remove of variables: (119390, 29)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 4
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Missing Variables\n",
    "Zuerst schauen wir die Variablen und deren fehlende Werte an. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:41.943101685Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:41.774970969Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "missing_values = df.isnull().mean() * 100  \n",
    "missing_values = missing_values[missing_values > 0]  \n",
    "\n",
    "missing_values = missing_values.sort_values(ascending=False)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"Liste der fehlenden Variablen: {missing_values}\")\n",
    "print(f\"Anzahl Variablen mit fehldenden Werten: {len(missing_values)}\")"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Liste der fehlenden Variablen: company     94.306893\n",
      "agent       13.686238\n",
      "country      0.408744\n",
      "children     0.003350\n",
      "dtype: float64\n",
      "Anzahl Variablen mit fehldenden Werten: 4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 5
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Wir haben vier Variablen mit fehlenden Werten identifiziert. Eine dieser Variablen weist einen hohen Anteil fehlender Werte auf (94%), während die Variablen `country` und `children` nur einen geringen Anteil an fehlenden Werten haben. Für `country` und `children` könnte es sinnvoll sein, die betroffenen Zeilen einfach zu löschen. In diesem Bericht füllen wir jedoch die fehlenden Werte auf, um die Daten vollständig zu machen."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Train Test Split \n",
    "Beim Clustering liegt der Fokus darauf, Gemeinsamkeiten in den Daten zu identifizieren, ohne dass eine Zielvariable vorgegeben ist. Daher wird in diesem Fall kein Train-Test-Split durchgeführt."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Daten Formate\n",
    "Wir haben gelernt, dass die Datenformate eine wichtige Rolle spielen, daher schauen wir uns die zuerst an. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Kategorielle Variablen"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:42.012110373Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:41.951395007Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "df.dtypes"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "hotel                              object\n",
       "is_canceled                         int64\n",
       "lead_time                           int64\n",
       "arrival_date_month                 object\n",
       "stays_in_weekend_nights             int64\n",
       "stays_in_week_nights                int64\n",
       "adults                              int64\n",
       "children                          float64\n",
       "babies                              int64\n",
       "meal                               object\n",
       "country                            object\n",
       "market_segment                     object\n",
       "distribution_channel               object\n",
       "is_repeated_guest                   int64\n",
       "previous_cancellations              int64\n",
       "previous_bookings_not_canceled      int64\n",
       "reserved_room_type                 object\n",
       "assigned_room_type                 object\n",
       "booking_changes                     int64\n",
       "deposit_type                       object\n",
       "agent                             float64\n",
       "company                           float64\n",
       "days_in_waiting_list                int64\n",
       "customer_type                      object\n",
       "adr                               float64\n",
       "required_car_parking_spaces         int64\n",
       "total_of_special_requests           int64\n",
       "reservation_status                 object\n",
       "reservation_status_date            object\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 6
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:42.385520945Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:42.125207097Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Extract column names with data type 'object'\n",
    "# Dies inkludiert alle Spalten, welche mehrheitlich nicht durch numerische Werte besetzt werden. \n",
    "object_columns = df.select_dtypes(include=['object']).columns\n",
    "\n",
    "# Print the column names with 'object' data type\n",
    "print(f\"Liste von kategorischen Variablen: {object_columns}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Länge der Liste\n",
    "print(f\"Lange der Liste von kategorischen Variablen: {len(object_columns)}\")"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Liste von kategorischen Variablen: Index(['hotel', 'arrival_date_month', 'meal', 'country', 'market_segment',\n",
      "       'distribution_channel', 'reserved_room_type', 'assigned_room_type',\n",
      "       'deposit_type', 'customer_type', 'reservation_status',\n",
      "       'reservation_status_date'],\n",
      "      dtype='object')\n",
      "Lange der Liste von kategorischen Variablen: 12\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 7
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "In einem weiteren Schritt schauen wir die Kardinalität der kategorischen Variablen an. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:43.232187730Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:42.546153427Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "for col in  df.select_dtypes(include=['object']):\n",
    "    cardinality = len(pd.Index(df[col].value_counts()))\n",
    "    print(df[col].name + \": \" + str(cardinality))"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hotel: 2\n",
      "arrival_date_month: 12\n",
      "meal: 5\n",
      "country: 177\n",
      "market_segment: 8\n",
      "distribution_channel: 5\n",
      "reserved_room_type: 10\n",
      "assigned_room_type: 12\n",
      "deposit_type: 3\n",
      "customer_type: 4\n",
      "reservation_status: 3\n",
      "reservation_status_date: 926\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 8
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Die Variable `hotel` ist binär und sollte immer mithilfe des k−1-One-Hot-Encoding umgewandelt werden. Die Variablen `country` und `reservation_status_date` weisen im Vergleich zu den anderen Variablen eine hohe Kardinalität auf. `reservation_status_date` ist eine Datumsvariable, die in ihrer ursprünglichen Form nicht direkt genutzt werden kann. Da Transformationen dieser Variable bereits umgesetzt wurden, wird sie in diesem Schritt entfernt."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:43.828597060Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:43.331732119Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "df = df.drop(columns=['reservation_status_date'])\n",
    "print(f\"\\nShape of the data set after remove of unnecessary variables: {df.shape}\")\n"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "Shape of the data set after remove of unnecessary variables: (119390, 28)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 9
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Numerische Variablen"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.120970932Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:43.845984583Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Extract column names with data type 'float'\n",
    "numeric_columns = df.select_dtypes(include= ['float']).columns\n",
    "\n",
    "# Print the column names with 'float' data type\n",
    "print(f\"Liste von numerischen Variablen: {numeric_columns}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Länge der Liste\n",
    "print(f\"Lange der Liste von numerischen Variablen: {len(numeric_columns)}\")"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Liste von numerischen Variablen: Index(['children', 'agent', 'company', 'adr'], dtype='object')\n",
      "Lange der Liste von numerischen Variablen: 4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 10
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Es gibt lediglich drei numerische Variablen in unserem Datensatz. Dabei handelt es sich unter anderem um die Variablen `agent` und `company`, die ursprünglich kategorisch waren, aber durch die Anonymisierung in numerische Werte umgewandelt wurden."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Imputation\n",
    "Bevor mit den weiteren Umformungen begonnen werden kann, müssen die fehlenden Werte aufgefüllt werden. Zunächst ist jedoch zu prüfen, ob die Daten systematisch nach einer bestimmten Struktur fehlen oder ob es sich um zufällige fehlende Werte handelt. Eine detaillierte Analyse hierzu finden Sie im Notebook Analyse_Fehlend_Nach_Struktur_oder_Nicht.ipynb.\n",
    "\n",
    "Die Analyse ergab, dass die Daten für die Variablen 'Land' und 'Kinder' systematisch fehlen. Ebenso fehlt bei den Variablen agent und company strukturiert eine Datengrundlage. Laut Dokumentation weisen fehlende Werte in der Variable `agent` und `company` darauf hin, dass es sich nicht um eine Buchung über einen Agenten oder eine Firma handelt.\n",
    "\n",
    "Für systematisch fehlende Daten empfiehlt es sich, eine Indikatorvariable zu erstellen, die angibt, ob ein Wert fehlt (Ja/Nein). Für die Variablen 'Land', 'Kinder', agent und company kann dies mit Hilfe der Funktion AddMissingIndicator umgesetzt werden."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Add-Missing-Indicator"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.387721587Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.190205563Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# set up the imputer\n",
    "addBinary_imputer = AddMissingIndicator(\n",
    "variables=['company', 'agent', 'country', 'children'],\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "# fit the imputer\n",
    "addBinary_imputer.fit(df)"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "AddMissingIndicator(variables=['company', 'agent', 'country', 'children'])"
      ],
      "text/html": [
       "<style>#sk-container-id-1 {\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme common for light and dark mode */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-text: #000;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-text-muted: #666;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-line: gray;\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme for unfitted estimators */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0: #fff5e6;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1: #f6e4d2;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2: #ffe0b3;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3: chocolate;\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme for fitted estimators */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-0: #f0f8ff;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-1: #d4ebff;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-2: #b3dbfd;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-3: cornflowerblue;\n",
       "\n",
       "  /* Specific color for light theme */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, white)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-icon: #696969;\n",
       "\n",
       "  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n",
       "    /* Redefinition of color scheme for dark theme */\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, #111)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-icon: #878787;\n",
       "  }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 pre {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-hidden--visually {\n",
       "  border: 0;\n",
       "  clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);\n",
       "  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\n",
       "  height: 1px;\n",
       "  margin: -1px;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  position: absolute;\n",
       "  width: 1px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {\n",
       "  border: 1px dashed var(--sklearn-color-line);\n",
       "  margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 0.4em;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-container {\n",
       "  /* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }`\n",
       "     but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }`\n",
       "     so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the\n",
       "     default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org.\n",
       "     See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */\n",
       "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "div.sk-parallel-item,\n",
       "div.sk-serial,\n",
       "div.sk-item {\n",
       "  /* draw centered vertical line to link estimators */\n",
       "  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background), var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background));\n",
       "  background-size: 2px 100%;\n",
       "  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
       "  background-position: center center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Parallel-specific style estimator block */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item::after {\n",
       "  content: \"\";\n",
       "  width: 100%;\n",
       "  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
       "  flex-grow: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  align-items: stretch;\n",
       "  justify-content: center;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  flex-direction: column;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {\n",
       "  align-self: flex-end;\n",
       "  width: 50%;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {\n",
       "  align-self: flex-start;\n",
       "  width: 50%;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {\n",
       "  width: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Serial-specific style estimator block */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-serial {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  flex-direction: column;\n",
       "  align-items: center;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  padding-right: 1em;\n",
       "  padding-left: 1em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable style: style used for estimator/Pipeline/ColumnTransformer box that is\n",
       "clickable and can be expanded/collapsed.\n",
       "- Pipeline and ColumnTransformer use this feature and define the default style\n",
       "- Estimators will overwrite some part of the style using the `sk-estimator` class\n",
       "*/\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Pipeline and ColumnTransformer style (default) */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable {\n",
       "  /* Default theme specific background. It is overwritten whether we have a\n",
       "  specific estimator or a Pipeline/ColumnTransformer */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable label */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  cursor: pointer;\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  width: 100%;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "  padding: 0.5em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "  align-items: start;\n",
       "  justify-content: space-between;\n",
       "  gap: 0.5em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label .caption {\n",
       "  font-size: 0.6rem;\n",
       "  font-weight: lighter;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text-muted);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
       "  /* Arrow on the left of the label */\n",
       "  content: \"▸\";\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  margin-right: 0.25em;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-icon);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable content - dropdown */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  text-align: left;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {\n",
       "  margin: 0.2em;\n",
       "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted pre {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
       "  /* Expand drop-down */\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "  width: 100%;\n",
       "  overflow: visible;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
       "  content: \"▾\";\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Pipeline/ColumnTransformer-specific style */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator-specific style */\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Colorize estimator box */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label label.sk-toggleable__label,\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label label {\n",
       "  /* The background is the default theme color */\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover, darken the color of the background */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Label box, darken color on hover, fitted */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label.fitted:hover label.sk-toggleable__label.fitted {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator label */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label label {\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  font-weight: bold;\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  line-height: 1.2em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label-container {\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator-specific */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator {\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  border: 1px dotted var(--sklearn-color-border-box);\n",
       "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* on hover */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Specification for estimator info (e.g. \"i\" and \"?\") */\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Common style for \"i\" and \"?\" */\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
       "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
       "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "  font-size: smaller;\n",
       "  line-height: 1em;\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  border-radius: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1em;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  text-decoration: none !important;\n",
       "  margin-left: 0.5em;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
       "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
       "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover */\n",
       "div.sk-estimator:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Span, style for the box shown on hovering the info icon */\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link span {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  z-index: 9999;\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  right: .2ex;\n",
       "  padding: .5ex;\n",
       "  margin: .5ex;\n",
       "  width: min-content;\n",
       "  min-width: 20ex;\n",
       "  max-width: 50ex;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  box-shadow: 2pt 2pt 4pt #999;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "  border: .5pt solid var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted span {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover span {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* \"?\"-specific style due to the `<a>` HTML tag */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "  font-size: 1rem;\n",
       "  line-height: 1em;\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  border-radius: 1rem;\n",
       "  height: 1rem;\n",
       "  width: 1rem;\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-1 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table summary {\n",
       "    padding: .5rem;\n",
       "    font-family: monospace;\n",
       "    cursor: pointer;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table details[open] {\n",
       "    padding-left: 0.1rem;\n",
       "    padding-right: 0.1rem;\n",
       "    padding-bottom: 0.3rem;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table {\n",
       "    margin-left: auto !important;\n",
       "    margin-right: auto !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table tr:nth-child(odd) {\n",
       "    background-color: #fff;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table tr:nth-child(even) {\n",
       "    background-color: #f6f6f6;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table tr:hover {\n",
       "    background-color: #e0e0e0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table table td {\n",
       "    border: 1px solid rgba(106, 105, 104, 0.232);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".user-set td {\n",
       "    color:rgb(255, 94, 0);\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".user-set td.value pre {\n",
       "    color:rgb(255, 94, 0) !important;\n",
       "    background-color: transparent !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".default td {\n",
       "    color: black;\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".user-set td i,\n",
       ".default td i {\n",
       "    color: black;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".copy-paste-icon {\n",
       "    background-image: url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA0NDggNTEyIj48IS0tIUZvbnQgQXdlc29tZSBGcmVlIDYuNy4yIGJ5IEBmb250YXdlc29tZSAtIGh0dHBzOi8vZm9udGF3ZXNvbWUuY29tIExpY2Vuc2UgLSBodHRwczovL2ZvbnRhd2Vzb21lLmNvbS9saWNlbnNlL2ZyZWUgQ29weXJpZ2h0IDIwMjUgRm9udGljb25zLCBJbmMuLS0+PHBhdGggZD0iTTIwOCAwTDMzMi4xIDBjMTIuNyAwIDI0LjkgNS4xIDMzLjkgMTQuMWw2Ny45IDY3LjljOSA5IDE0LjEgMjEuMiAxNC4xIDMzLjlMNDQ4IDMzNmMwIDI2LjUtMjEuNSA0OC00OCA0OGwtMTkyIDBjLTI2LjUgMC00OC0yMS41LTQ4LTQ4bDAtMjg4YzAtMjYuNSAyMS41LTQ4IDQ4LTQ4ek00OCAxMjhsODAgMCAwIDY0LTY0IDAgMCAyNTYgMTkyIDAgMC0zMiA2NCAwIDAgNDhjMCAyNi41LTIxLjUgNDgtNDggNDhMNDggNTEyYy0yNi41IDAtNDgtMjEuNS00OC00OEwwIDE3NmMwLTI2LjUgMjEuNS00OCA0OC00OHoiLz48L3N2Zz4=);\n",
       "    background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
       "    background-size: 14px 14px;\n",
       "    background-position: 0;\n",
       "    display: inline-block;\n",
       "    width: 14px;\n",
       "    height: 14px;\n",
       "    cursor: pointer;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><body><div id=\"sk-container-id-1\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>AddMissingIndicator(variables=[&#x27;company&#x27;, &#x27;agent&#x27;, &#x27;country&#x27;, &#x27;children&#x27;])</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow\"><div><div>AddMissingIndicator</div></div><div><span class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\">i<span>Fitted</span></span></div></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\" data-param-prefix=\"\">\n",
       "        <div class=\"estimator-table\">\n",
       "            <details>\n",
       "                <summary>Parameters</summary>\n",
       "                <table class=\"parameters-table\">\n",
       "                  <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "        <tr class=\"default\">\n",
       "            <td><i class=\"copy-paste-icon\"\n",
       "                 onclick=\"copyToClipboard('missing_only',\n",
       "                          this.parentElement.nextElementSibling)\"\n",
       "            ></i></td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"param\">missing_only&nbsp;</td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"value\">True</td>\n",
       "        </tr>\n",
       "    \n",
       "\n",
       "        <tr class=\"user-set\">\n",
       "            <td><i class=\"copy-paste-icon\"\n",
       "                 onclick=\"copyToClipboard('variables',\n",
       "                          this.parentElement.nextElementSibling)\"\n",
       "            ></i></td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"param\">variables&nbsp;</td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"value\">[&#x27;company&#x27;, &#x27;agent&#x27;, ...]</td>\n",
       "        </tr>\n",
       "    \n",
       "                  </tbody>\n",
       "                </table>\n",
       "            </details>\n",
       "        </div>\n",
       "    </div></div></div></div></div><script>function copyToClipboard(text, element) {\n",
       "    // Get the parameter prefix from the closest toggleable content\n",
       "    const toggleableContent = element.closest('.sk-toggleable__content');\n",
       "    const paramPrefix = toggleableContent ? toggleableContent.dataset.paramPrefix : '';\n",
       "    const fullParamName = paramPrefix ? `${paramPrefix}${text}` : text;\n",
       "\n",
       "    const originalStyle = element.style;\n",
       "    const computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(element);\n",
       "    const originalWidth = computedStyle.width;\n",
       "    const originalHTML = element.innerHTML.replace('Copied!', '');\n",
       "\n",
       "    navigator.clipboard.writeText(fullParamName)\n",
       "        .then(() => {\n",
       "            element.style.width = originalWidth;\n",
       "            element.style.color = 'green';\n",
       "            element.innerHTML = \"Copied!\";\n",
       "\n",
       "            setTimeout(() => {\n",
       "                element.innerHTML = originalHTML;\n",
       "                element.style = originalStyle;\n",
       "            }, 2000);\n",
       "        })\n",
       "        .catch(err => {\n",
       "            console.error('Failed to copy:', err);\n",
       "            element.style.color = 'red';\n",
       "            element.innerHTML = \"Failed!\";\n",
       "            setTimeout(() => {\n",
       "                element.innerHTML = originalHTML;\n",
       "                element.style = originalStyle;\n",
       "            }, 2000);\n",
       "        });\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "document.querySelectorAll('.fa-regular.fa-copy').forEach(function(element) {\n",
       "    const toggleableContent = element.closest('.sk-toggleable__content');\n",
       "    const paramPrefix = toggleableContent ? toggleableContent.dataset.paramPrefix : '';\n",
       "    const paramName = element.parentElement.nextElementSibling.textContent.trim();\n",
       "    const fullParamName = paramPrefix ? `${paramPrefix}${paramName}` : paramName;\n",
       "\n",
       "    element.setAttribute('title', fullParamName);\n",
       "});\n",
       "</script></body>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 11
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "In dem wir die Add Missing Indicator Umformung durchführen verändern wir die Form unseres Datensatzes. Dies können wir mit folgendem Befehl sehen. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.632219233Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.433361527Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "print(f\"Form of the dataset before transformation: {df.shape}\")\n",
    "# transform \n",
    "df = addBinary_imputer.transform(df)\n",
    "print(f\"Form of the dataset after transformation: {df.shape}\")"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Form of the dataset before transformation: (119390, 28)\n",
      "Form of the dataset after transformation: (119390, 32)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 12
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Um zu verdeutlichen, dass die Variablen `agent` und `company` eine andere Bedeutung haben, werden wir diese umbenennen."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.737369925Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.643084959Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Rename columns using rename()\n",
    "df = df.rename(columns={'agent_na': 'Not_agent_booking', 'company_na': 'Not_company_booking'})"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 13
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Da wir mit den Variablen `agent` und `company` nicht weiterarbeiten werden, löschen wir sie nun."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.869111695Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.751575472Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "df = df.drop(columns=['agent','company'])\n",
    "print(f\"Shape of data frame after remove of variables: {df.shape}\")"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Shape of data frame after remove of variables: (119390, 30)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 14
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Numerische Variablen Imputation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Im nächsten Schritt soll die numerische Variable `children` aufgefüllt werden. Viele Hotelbuchungen erfolgen ohne Kinder, was auch durch die deskriptiven Statistiken bestätigt wird, da der Median dieser Variable bei Null liegt. Aus diesem Grund werden die fehlenden Werte in der Variable `children` mit dem Median ersetzt.\n",
    "\n",
    "Da nur die Variable `children` aufgefüllt werden soll, nicht jedoch die Variablen agent und company, wird dies explizit im Imputer festgelegt. Zwar wurden die Variablen agent und company bereits entfernt, dennoch möchte ich sicherstellen, dass diese nicht versehentlich berücksichtigt werden."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.964906496Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.909721150Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# To perform median imputation, we specify the\n",
    "# imputation strategy\n",
    "\n",
    "imputer = MeanMedianImputer(imputation_method=\"median\",\n",
    "                            variables=['children'])"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 15
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "Der Befehl `.fit` ermöglicht es dem Imputer, die Werte zu ermitteln, die für das Auffüllen der fehlenden Daten verwendet werden sollen. Dabei handelt es sich lediglich um einen Lernprozess; tatsächliche Änderungen an den Daten werden durch diesen Befehl noch nicht vorgenommen."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:45.114950331Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:44.970591416Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# we fit the imputer\n",
    "imputer.fit(df)"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "MeanMedianImputer(variables=['children'])"
      ],
      "text/html": [
       "<style>#sk-container-id-2 {\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme common for light and dark mode */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-text: #000;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-text-muted: #666;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-line: gray;\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme for unfitted estimators */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0: #fff5e6;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1: #f6e4d2;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2: #ffe0b3;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3: chocolate;\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme for fitted estimators */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-0: #f0f8ff;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-1: #d4ebff;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-2: #b3dbfd;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-3: cornflowerblue;\n",
       "\n",
       "  /* Specific color for light theme */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, white)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-icon: #696969;\n",
       "\n",
       "  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n",
       "    /* Redefinition of color scheme for dark theme */\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, #111)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-icon: #878787;\n",
       "  }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 pre {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 input.sk-hidden--visually {\n",
       "  border: 0;\n",
       "  clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);\n",
       "  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\n",
       "  height: 1px;\n",
       "  margin: -1px;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  position: absolute;\n",
       "  width: 1px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {\n",
       "  border: 1px dashed var(--sklearn-color-line);\n",
       "  margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 0.4em;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-container {\n",
       "  /* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }`\n",
       "     but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }`\n",
       "     so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the\n",
       "     default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org.\n",
       "     See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */\n",
       "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "div.sk-parallel-item,\n",
       "div.sk-serial,\n",
       "div.sk-item {\n",
       "  /* draw centered vertical line to link estimators */\n",
       "  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background), var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background));\n",
       "  background-size: 2px 100%;\n",
       "  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
       "  background-position: center center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Parallel-specific style estimator block */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item::after {\n",
       "  content: \"\";\n",
       "  width: 100%;\n",
       "  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
       "  flex-grow: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  align-items: stretch;\n",
       "  justify-content: center;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  flex-direction: column;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {\n",
       "  align-self: flex-end;\n",
       "  width: 50%;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {\n",
       "  align-self: flex-start;\n",
       "  width: 50%;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {\n",
       "  width: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Serial-specific style estimator block */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-serial {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  flex-direction: column;\n",
       "  align-items: center;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  padding-right: 1em;\n",
       "  padding-left: 1em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable style: style used for estimator/Pipeline/ColumnTransformer box that is\n",
       "clickable and can be expanded/collapsed.\n",
       "- Pipeline and ColumnTransformer use this feature and define the default style\n",
       "- Estimators will overwrite some part of the style using the `sk-estimator` class\n",
       "*/\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Pipeline and ColumnTransformer style (default) */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable {\n",
       "  /* Default theme specific background. It is overwritten whether we have a\n",
       "  specific estimator or a Pipeline/ColumnTransformer */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable label */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  cursor: pointer;\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  width: 100%;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "  padding: 0.5em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "  align-items: start;\n",
       "  justify-content: space-between;\n",
       "  gap: 0.5em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label .caption {\n",
       "  font-size: 0.6rem;\n",
       "  font-weight: lighter;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text-muted);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
       "  /* Arrow on the left of the label */\n",
       "  content: \"▸\";\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  margin-right: 0.25em;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-icon);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable content - dropdown */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  text-align: left;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {\n",
       "  margin: 0.2em;\n",
       "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted pre {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
       "  /* Expand drop-down */\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "  width: 100%;\n",
       "  overflow: visible;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
       "  content: \"▾\";\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Pipeline/ColumnTransformer-specific style */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator-specific style */\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Colorize estimator box */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label label.sk-toggleable__label,\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label label {\n",
       "  /* The background is the default theme color */\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover, darken the color of the background */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Label box, darken color on hover, fitted */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label.fitted:hover label.sk-toggleable__label.fitted {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator label */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label label {\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  font-weight: bold;\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  line-height: 1.2em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-label-container {\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator-specific */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator {\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  border: 1px dotted var(--sklearn-color-border-box);\n",
       "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* on hover */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Specification for estimator info (e.g. \"i\" and \"?\") */\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Common style for \"i\" and \"?\" */\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
       "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
       "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "  font-size: smaller;\n",
       "  line-height: 1em;\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  border-radius: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1em;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  text-decoration: none !important;\n",
       "  margin-left: 0.5em;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
       "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
       "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover */\n",
       "div.sk-estimator:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Span, style for the box shown on hovering the info icon */\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link span {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  z-index: 9999;\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  right: .2ex;\n",
       "  padding: .5ex;\n",
       "  margin: .5ex;\n",
       "  width: min-content;\n",
       "  min-width: 20ex;\n",
       "  max-width: 50ex;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  box-shadow: 2pt 2pt 4pt #999;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "  border: .5pt solid var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted span {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover span {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* \"?\"-specific style due to the `<a>` HTML tag */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 a.estimator_doc_link {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "  font-size: 1rem;\n",
       "  line-height: 1em;\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  border-radius: 1rem;\n",
       "  height: 1rem;\n",
       "  width: 1rem;\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 a.estimator_doc_link:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-2 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table summary {\n",
       "    padding: .5rem;\n",
       "    font-family: monospace;\n",
       "    cursor: pointer;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table details[open] {\n",
       "    padding-left: 0.1rem;\n",
       "    padding-right: 0.1rem;\n",
       "    padding-bottom: 0.3rem;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table {\n",
       "    margin-left: auto !important;\n",
       "    margin-right: auto !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table tr:nth-child(odd) {\n",
       "    background-color: #fff;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table tr:nth-child(even) {\n",
       "    background-color: #f6f6f6;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table tr:hover {\n",
       "    background-color: #e0e0e0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table table td {\n",
       "    border: 1px solid rgba(106, 105, 104, 0.232);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".user-set td {\n",
       "    color:rgb(255, 94, 0);\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".user-set td.value pre {\n",
       "    color:rgb(255, 94, 0) !important;\n",
       "    background-color: transparent !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".default td {\n",
       "    color: black;\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".user-set td i,\n",
       ".default td i {\n",
       "    color: black;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".copy-paste-icon {\n",
       "    background-image: url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);\n",
       "    background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
       "    background-size: 14px 14px;\n",
       "    background-position: 0;\n",
       "    display: inline-block;\n",
       "    width: 14px;\n",
       "    height: 14px;\n",
       "    cursor: pointer;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><body><div id=\"sk-container-id-2\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>MeanMedianImputer(variables=[&#x27;children&#x27;])</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-2\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-2\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow\"><div><div>MeanMedianImputer</div></div><div><span class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\">i<span>Fitted</span></span></div></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\" data-param-prefix=\"\">\n",
       "        <div class=\"estimator-table\">\n",
       "            <details>\n",
       "                <summary>Parameters</summary>\n",
       "                <table class=\"parameters-table\">\n",
       "                  <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "        <tr class=\"default\">\n",
       "            <td><i class=\"copy-paste-icon\"\n",
       "                 onclick=\"copyToClipboard('imputation_method',\n",
       "                          this.parentElement.nextElementSibling)\"\n",
       "            ></i></td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"param\">imputation_method&nbsp;</td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"value\">&#x27;median&#x27;</td>\n",
       "        </tr>\n",
       "    \n",
       "\n",
       "        <tr class=\"user-set\">\n",
       "            <td><i class=\"copy-paste-icon\"\n",
       "                 onclick=\"copyToClipboard('variables',\n",
       "                          this.parentElement.nextElementSibling)\"\n",
       "            ></i></td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"param\">variables&nbsp;</td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"value\">[&#x27;children&#x27;]</td>\n",
       "        </tr>\n",
       "    \n",
       "                  </tbody>\n",
       "                </table>\n",
       "            </details>\n",
       "        </div>\n",
       "    </div></div></div></div></div><script>function copyToClipboard(text, element) {\n",
       "    // Get the parameter prefix from the closest toggleable content\n",
       "    const toggleableContent = element.closest('.sk-toggleable__content');\n",
       "    const paramPrefix = toggleableContent ? toggleableContent.dataset.paramPrefix : '';\n",
       "    const fullParamName = paramPrefix ? `${paramPrefix}${text}` : text;\n",
       "\n",
       "    const originalStyle = element.style;\n",
       "    const computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(element);\n",
       "    const originalWidth = computedStyle.width;\n",
       "    const originalHTML = element.innerHTML.replace('Copied!', '');\n",
       "\n",
       "    navigator.clipboard.writeText(fullParamName)\n",
       "        .then(() => {\n",
       "            element.style.width = originalWidth;\n",
       "            element.style.color = 'green';\n",
       "            element.innerHTML = \"Copied!\";\n",
       "\n",
       "            setTimeout(() => {\n",
       "                element.innerHTML = originalHTML;\n",
       "                element.style = originalStyle;\n",
       "            }, 2000);\n",
       "        })\n",
       "        .catch(err => {\n",
       "            console.error('Failed to copy:', err);\n",
       "            element.style.color = 'red';\n",
       "            element.innerHTML = \"Failed!\";\n",
       "            setTimeout(() => {\n",
       "                element.innerHTML = originalHTML;\n",
       "                element.style = originalStyle;\n",
       "            }, 2000);\n",
       "        });\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "document.querySelectorAll('.fa-regular.fa-copy').forEach(function(element) {\n",
       "    const toggleableContent = element.closest('.sk-toggleable__content');\n",
       "    const paramPrefix = toggleableContent ? toggleableContent.dataset.paramPrefix : '';\n",
       "    const paramName = element.parentElement.nextElementSibling.textContent.trim();\n",
       "    const fullParamName = paramPrefix ? `${paramPrefix}${paramName}` : paramName;\n",
       "\n",
       "    element.setAttribute('title', fullParamName);\n",
       "});\n",
       "</script></body>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 16
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Mit dem folgenden Befehl bekomme ich die Variablen aufgelistet für welche fehlende Werte ersetzt worden sind. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:45.294384142Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:45.124081190Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# this attribute stores the variables, numerical and categorical,\n",
    "# that had missing data in the train set\n",
    "imputer.variables_"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['children']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 17
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Wir beobachten, dass nur die Variable `children` aufgefüllt worden ist. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Mit dem folgenden Befehl können wir nachvollziehen, mit welchem Wert die fehlenden Daten in der Variable `children` aufgefüllt wurden."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:45.494716748Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:45.344158430Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "imputer.imputer_dict_"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'children': 0.0}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 18
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Nun führen wir die Transformation durch. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:45.628296869Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:45.502919200Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# feature-engine returns a dataframe\n",
    "\n",
    "df = imputer.transform(df)"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 19
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Kategorisch Variablen Imputation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Nun müssen die fehlenden Werte der kategorialen Variable `country` aufgefüllt werden. Dabei nehmen wir an, dass die häufigste Ausprägung in den vorhandenen Daten eine repräsentative Grundlage bildet. Daher werden die fehlenden Werte durch die häufigste Kategorie ersetzt. Dieser Schritt wird im Folgenden umgesetzt."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:45.793199263Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:45.634139864Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# let's impute just 1 variable:\n",
    "\n",
    "imputer = CategoricalImputer(imputation_method=\"frequent\", \n",
    "                             variables = ['country'])\n",
    "\n",
    "imputer.fit(df)"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "CategoricalImputer(imputation_method='frequent', variables=['country'])"
      ],
      "text/html": [
       "<style>#sk-container-id-3 {\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme common for light and dark mode */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-text: #000;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-text-muted: #666;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-line: gray;\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme for unfitted estimators */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0: #fff5e6;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1: #f6e4d2;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2: #ffe0b3;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3: chocolate;\n",
       "  /* Definition of color scheme for fitted estimators */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-0: #f0f8ff;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-1: #d4ebff;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-2: #b3dbfd;\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-fitted-level-3: cornflowerblue;\n",
       "\n",
       "  /* Specific color for light theme */\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, white)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
       "  --sklearn-color-icon: #696969;\n",
       "\n",
       "  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n",
       "    /* Redefinition of color scheme for dark theme */\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, #111)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
       "    --sklearn-color-icon: #878787;\n",
       "  }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 pre {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 input.sk-hidden--visually {\n",
       "  border: 0;\n",
       "  clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);\n",
       "  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\n",
       "  height: 1px;\n",
       "  margin: -1px;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  position: absolute;\n",
       "  width: 1px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {\n",
       "  border: 1px dashed var(--sklearn-color-line);\n",
       "  margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 0.4em;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-container {\n",
       "  /* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }`\n",
       "     but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }`\n",
       "     so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the\n",
       "     default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org.\n",
       "     See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */\n",
       "  display: inline-block !important;\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "div.sk-parallel-item,\n",
       "div.sk-serial,\n",
       "div.sk-item {\n",
       "  /* draw centered vertical line to link estimators */\n",
       "  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background), var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background));\n",
       "  background-size: 2px 100%;\n",
       "  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
       "  background-position: center center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Parallel-specific style estimator block */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item::after {\n",
       "  content: \"\";\n",
       "  width: 100%;\n",
       "  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
       "  flex-grow: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  align-items: stretch;\n",
       "  justify-content: center;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  flex-direction: column;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {\n",
       "  align-self: flex-end;\n",
       "  width: 50%;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {\n",
       "  align-self: flex-start;\n",
       "  width: 50%;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {\n",
       "  width: 0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Serial-specific style estimator block */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-serial {\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  flex-direction: column;\n",
       "  align-items: center;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  padding-right: 1em;\n",
       "  padding-left: 1em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable style: style used for estimator/Pipeline/ColumnTransformer box that is\n",
       "clickable and can be expanded/collapsed.\n",
       "- Pipeline and ColumnTransformer use this feature and define the default style\n",
       "- Estimators will overwrite some part of the style using the `sk-estimator` class\n",
       "*/\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Pipeline and ColumnTransformer style (default) */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable {\n",
       "  /* Default theme specific background. It is overwritten whether we have a\n",
       "  specific estimator or a Pipeline/ColumnTransformer */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable label */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  cursor: pointer;\n",
       "  display: flex;\n",
       "  width: 100%;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0;\n",
       "  padding: 0.5em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "  align-items: start;\n",
       "  justify-content: space-between;\n",
       "  gap: 0.5em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 label.sk-toggleable__label .caption {\n",
       "  font-size: 0.6rem;\n",
       "  font-weight: lighter;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text-muted);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
       "  /* Arrow on the left of the label */\n",
       "  content: \"▸\";\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  margin-right: 0.25em;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-icon);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Toggleable content - dropdown */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  text-align: left;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {\n",
       "  margin: 0.2em;\n",
       "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted pre {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
       "  /* Expand drop-down */\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "  width: 100%;\n",
       "  overflow: visible;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
       "  content: \"▾\";\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Pipeline/ColumnTransformer-specific style */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator-specific style */\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Colorize estimator box */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label label.sk-toggleable__label,\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label label {\n",
       "  /* The background is the default theme color */\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover, darken the color of the background */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Label box, darken color on hover, fitted */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label.fitted:hover label.sk-toggleable__label.fitted {\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator label */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label label {\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  font-weight: bold;\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  line-height: 1.2em;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-label-container {\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Estimator-specific */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator {\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  border: 1px dotted var(--sklearn-color-border-box);\n",
       "  border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
       "  box-sizing: border-box;\n",
       "  margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* on hover */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Specification for estimator info (e.g. \"i\" and \"?\") */\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Common style for \"i\" and \"?\" */\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
       "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
       "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "  font-size: smaller;\n",
       "  line-height: 1em;\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  border-radius: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1em;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  text-decoration: none !important;\n",
       "  margin-left: 0.5em;\n",
       "  text-align: center;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
       "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
       "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover */\n",
       "div.sk-estimator:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* Span, style for the box shown on hovering the info icon */\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link span {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  z-index: 9999;\n",
       "  position: relative;\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  right: .2ex;\n",
       "  padding: .5ex;\n",
       "  margin: .5ex;\n",
       "  width: min-content;\n",
       "  min-width: 20ex;\n",
       "  max-width: 50ex;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
       "  box-shadow: 2pt 2pt 4pt #999;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
       "  border: .5pt solid var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted span {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover span {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* \"?\"-specific style due to the `<a>` HTML tag */\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 a.estimator_doc_link {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "  font-size: 1rem;\n",
       "  line-height: 1em;\n",
       "  font-family: monospace;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  border-radius: 1rem;\n",
       "  height: 1rem;\n",
       "  width: 1rem;\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "/* On hover */\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 a.estimator_doc_link:hover {\n",
       "  /* unfitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
       "  color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
       "  text-decoration: none;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "#sk-container-id-3 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted:hover {\n",
       "  /* fitted */\n",
       "  background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table summary {\n",
       "    padding: .5rem;\n",
       "    font-family: monospace;\n",
       "    cursor: pointer;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table details[open] {\n",
       "    padding-left: 0.1rem;\n",
       "    padding-right: 0.1rem;\n",
       "    padding-bottom: 0.3rem;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table {\n",
       "    margin-left: auto !important;\n",
       "    margin-right: auto !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table tr:nth-child(odd) {\n",
       "    background-color: #fff;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table tr:nth-child(even) {\n",
       "    background-color: #f6f6f6;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table .parameters-table tr:hover {\n",
       "    background-color: #e0e0e0;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".estimator-table table td {\n",
       "    border: 1px solid rgba(106, 105, 104, 0.232);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".user-set td {\n",
       "    color:rgb(255, 94, 0);\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".user-set td.value pre {\n",
       "    color:rgb(255, 94, 0) !important;\n",
       "    background-color: transparent !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".default td {\n",
       "    color: black;\n",
       "    text-align: left;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".user-set td i,\n",
       ".default td i {\n",
       "    color: black;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".copy-paste-icon {\n",
       "    background-image: url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);\n",
       "    background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
       "    background-size: 14px 14px;\n",
       "    background-position: 0;\n",
       "    display: inline-block;\n",
       "    width: 14px;\n",
       "    height: 14px;\n",
       "    cursor: pointer;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><body><div id=\"sk-container-id-3\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>CategoricalImputer(imputation_method=&#x27;frequent&#x27;, variables=[&#x27;country&#x27;])</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-3\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-3\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow\"><div><div>CategoricalImputer</div></div><div><span class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\">i<span>Fitted</span></span></div></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\" data-param-prefix=\"\">\n",
       "        <div class=\"estimator-table\">\n",
       "            <details>\n",
       "                <summary>Parameters</summary>\n",
       "                <table class=\"parameters-table\">\n",
       "                  <tbody>\n",
       "                    \n",
       "        <tr class=\"user-set\">\n",
       "            <td><i class=\"copy-paste-icon\"\n",
       "                 onclick=\"copyToClipboard('imputation_method',\n",
       "                          this.parentElement.nextElementSibling)\"\n",
       "            ></i></td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"param\">imputation_method&nbsp;</td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"value\">&#x27;frequent&#x27;</td>\n",
       "        </tr>\n",
       "    \n",
       "\n",
       "        <tr class=\"default\">\n",
       "            <td><i class=\"copy-paste-icon\"\n",
       "                 onclick=\"copyToClipboard('fill_value',\n",
       "                          this.parentElement.nextElementSibling)\"\n",
       "            ></i></td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"param\">fill_value&nbsp;</td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"value\">&#x27;Missing&#x27;</td>\n",
       "        </tr>\n",
       "    \n",
       "\n",
       "        <tr class=\"user-set\">\n",
       "            <td><i class=\"copy-paste-icon\"\n",
       "                 onclick=\"copyToClipboard('variables',\n",
       "                          this.parentElement.nextElementSibling)\"\n",
       "            ></i></td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"param\">variables&nbsp;</td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"value\">[&#x27;country&#x27;]</td>\n",
       "        </tr>\n",
       "    \n",
       "\n",
       "        <tr class=\"default\">\n",
       "            <td><i class=\"copy-paste-icon\"\n",
       "                 onclick=\"copyToClipboard('return_object',\n",
       "                          this.parentElement.nextElementSibling)\"\n",
       "            ></i></td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"param\">return_object&nbsp;</td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"value\">False</td>\n",
       "        </tr>\n",
       "    \n",
       "\n",
       "        <tr class=\"default\">\n",
       "            <td><i class=\"copy-paste-icon\"\n",
       "                 onclick=\"copyToClipboard('ignore_format',\n",
       "                          this.parentElement.nextElementSibling)\"\n",
       "            ></i></td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"param\">ignore_format&nbsp;</td>\n",
       "            <td class=\"value\">False</td>\n",
       "        </tr>\n",
       "    \n",
       "                  </tbody>\n",
       "                </table>\n",
       "            </details>\n",
       "        </div>\n",
       "    </div></div></div></div></div><script>function copyToClipboard(text, element) {\n",
       "    // Get the parameter prefix from the closest toggleable content\n",
       "    const toggleableContent = element.closest('.sk-toggleable__content');\n",
       "    const paramPrefix = toggleableContent ? toggleableContent.dataset.paramPrefix : '';\n",
       "    const fullParamName = paramPrefix ? `${paramPrefix}${text}` : text;\n",
       "\n",
       "    const originalStyle = element.style;\n",
       "    const computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(element);\n",
       "    const originalWidth = computedStyle.width;\n",
       "    const originalHTML = element.innerHTML.replace('Copied!', '');\n",
       "\n",
       "    navigator.clipboard.writeText(fullParamName)\n",
       "        .then(() => {\n",
       "            element.style.width = originalWidth;\n",
       "            element.style.color = 'green';\n",
       "            element.innerHTML = \"Copied!\";\n",
       "\n",
       "            setTimeout(() => {\n",
       "                element.innerHTML = originalHTML;\n",
       "                element.style = originalStyle;\n",
       "            }, 2000);\n",
       "        })\n",
       "        .catch(err => {\n",
       "            console.error('Failed to copy:', err);\n",
       "            element.style.color = 'red';\n",
       "            element.innerHTML = \"Failed!\";\n",
       "            setTimeout(() => {\n",
       "                element.innerHTML = originalHTML;\n",
       "                element.style = originalStyle;\n",
       "            }, 2000);\n",
       "        });\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "document.querySelectorAll('.fa-regular.fa-copy').forEach(function(element) {\n",
       "    const toggleableContent = element.closest('.sk-toggleable__content');\n",
       "    const paramPrefix = toggleableContent ? toggleableContent.dataset.paramPrefix : '';\n",
       "    const paramName = element.parentElement.nextElementSibling.textContent.trim();\n",
       "    const fullParamName = paramPrefix ? `${paramPrefix}${paramName}` : paramName;\n",
       "\n",
       "    element.setAttribute('title', fullParamName);\n",
       "});\n",
       "</script></body>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 20
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "Mit dem folgenden Befehl können wir überprüfen, welche Gruppe zum Auffüllen der fehlenden Werte verwendet wurde."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:46.042230894Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:45.813940292Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "imputer.imputer_dict_"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'country': 'PRT'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 21
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Führen wir die Transformation durch."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:46.203786004Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:46.048115097Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# transformation\n",
    "df = imputer.transform(df)"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 22
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Kontrolle fehlende Werte\n",
    "In diesem Schritt kontrollieren wir ob wir alle fehlende Werte gelöscht haben. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:46.550503917Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:46.210798879Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Kontrolle ob es noch fehlende Werte hat\n",
    "missing_values = df.isnull().mean() * 100  \n",
    "missing_values = missing_values[missing_values > 0]  #\n",
    "print(f\"Liste fehlende Werte {missing_values}\")\n",
    "print(f\"Anzahl fehlende Werte in df: {len(missing_values)}\")"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Liste fehlende Werte Series([], dtype: float64)\n",
      "Anzahl fehlende Werte in df: 0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 23
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Keine fehlende Werte sind mehr da, daher können wir nun weiterarbeiten. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Saving Data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:48.068362076Z",
     "start_time": "2026-06-05T12:30:46.694072472Z"
    }
   },
   "source": "df.to_csv(\"../data/hotel_bookings/hotel_imputed.csv\",index=False)\n",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 24
  }
 ],
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  "kernelspec": {
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   "name": "conda-base-py"
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   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
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